Often, in the department of gynecology, even at the stage of pregnancy planning, women are observed who were once diagnosed with a miscarriage. If miscarriage occurs in the early stages of pregnancy (up to twelve weeks), then it is called a miscarriage, if at a later date (up to the 23rd week), then the process is called spontaneous abortion. From the 23rd to the 37th week of pregnancy is a premature birth. From the 37th to the 40th week — this is an urgent birth.
According to statistics, about 20% of pregnancies end in miscarriages. Most often they occur in the early stages of pregnancy (in the first trimester).
If in the early stages, a woman begins to uterine bleeding — this is the first formidable symptom of a miscarriage. If bleeding occurs, you must urgently contact the gynecology department.
anxiety symptoms
What symptoms should alert a pregnant woman:
Profuse bleeding from the vagina;
Spotting or discharge of blood clots outside of menstruation;
Pain in the lower abdomen and in the suprapubic region, pulling or cramping;
Backache.
Gynecologists distinguish such miscarriages:
full,
incomplete,
habitual,
non-specific.
With a history of habitual (multiple) miscarriages, special supervision by a gynecologist and pregnancy management (often in a hospital) is necessary.
Causes of spontaneous termination of pregnancy
The reasons can be:
Genetic. A small breakdown in the genes of the father or mother can lead to miscarriage. It is not necessary that it will be a rough chromosomal mutation, which is inherited. The harmful influence of environmental factors, radiation or work in harmful production can cause this breakdown;
Immunological. Immunological reasons include Rh conflict of the mother and fetus. When the mother is RH-, and the father of RH+, then autoimmune rejection of the fetus in the mother’s body may occur;
Infectious. Many infections lead not only to the formation of congenital abnormalities of the fetus, but also to the inability of pregnancy. Such as rubella, toxoplasmosis, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes virus and others, as well as non -specific infections — pyelonephritis, tonsillitis. When a pregnant woman enters the body or is activated due to a decrease in the immunity of an already existing infection in a chronic form, infection of the fetus and fetal membranes occurs, and as a result, rejection occurs — miscarriage;
Hormonal. With hormonal imbalance, miscarriage occurs (often habitual miscarriages). With a lack of progesterone — the hormone of pregnancy and the presence of other hormones — testosterone, prolactin, estrogen, a hormonal imbalance occurs;
abortion. Frequent abortions in a woman’s history also lead to miscarriage;
Stress and unhealthy lifestyle. Unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol intake and coffee abuse can lead to aborted pregnancy;
Injury. Blunt abdominal trauma;
Taking medications. Cocci, antidepressants, analeptics, as well as some medicinal herbs, as well as vitamin C in large quantities, lead to spontaneous abortion,
If the above complaints appear, as well as if there is a history of miscarriage in the anamnesis of a woman or her mother, the doctor needs to be more attentive to the expectant mother, paying close attention to her health and the condition of the fetus.